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Governance and Politics
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Constitution
The constitution provides for a hybrid
unitary/federal state, governed by a central
government and nine provincial governments.
It entrenches the separation of powers, offers
appropriate checks and balances and includes
a far-reaching Bill of Rights. Socio-economic
rights such as housing, health care, access
to food and water, social security and basic
education are also recognised.
Parliament comprises a 400-seat National
Assembly and a 90-seat National Council of
Provinces. (The Constitution also makes
provision for continued recognition of
traditional chiefs and customary law.)
Parliament sits in Cape Town, but government
ministries are all based in Pretoria because of
a geographical compromise dating back to the
Act of Union in 1910.
Political Developments
In the country's second general election, in
1999, the ANC won 66,36% of the national
vote and 266 seats in Parliament - one short
of a two-thirds majority. Legislation allowing
parliamentarians to cross the floor gave the
ANC enough seats for it to be able to amend
the country's constitution unilaterally, should
it so wish..
Foreign Relations
South Africa's foreign policy can be defined
as non-aligned, with its primary focus on
Africa. The country enjoys official relations
with nations of all political and economic
persuasions. Because South Africa's
economy dwarfs the rest of the continent,
it is expected to play the role of a regional
power, but has been cautious in taking on
military responsibilities outside its borders or
exercising overt influence on regional issues,
most notably in neighbouring Zimbabwe.
Land Reform
The slowness of the process has generated
smouldering resentment among the landhungry
at precisely the time when the
consequences of hasty land-grabbing in
neighbouring Zimbabwe is provoking ever
more alarm. The recently-elected ANC
president, Jacob Zuma, has called for quicker
action.
National Security
National security is the responsibility of the
South African Police Services (SAPS), the South
African National Defence Force (SANDF) and
the Ministry for Intelligence.
[For more information purchase South Africa at a Glance] |